ORDERS:
FINAL ORDER AND DECISION
Grievance No. LIEBER 0585-01
I. Introduction
Melvin Roebuck, #235910 (Roebuck) brings this appeal challenging a decision by the South Carolina Department of
Corrections (DOC) which convicted Roebuck of use or possession of marijuana for which he lost 120 days of good time
credit. Jurisdiction is invoked in the instant case since this matter is a disciplinary hearing in which Roebuck was punished
by the loss of good time credits, a loss which impacts a created liberty interest. Al-Shabazz v. State, 338 S.C. 354, 527
S.E.2d 742, 750 (2000); McNeil v. South Carolina Department of Corrections, 00-ALJ-04-00336-AP (September 5,
2001). After a review of the record and the arguments, the DOC decision is AFFIRMED.
II. Scope of Review
In this review, the Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) acts "in an appellate capacity" and is "restricted to reviewing the
decision below." Al-Shabazz v. State, 338 S.C. 354, 527 S.E.2d 742, 754 (2000). The review must apply the criteria of
S.C. Code Ann. § 1-23-380(A)(6) (Supp. 2000). See S.C. Code Ann. § 1-23-380(B) (Supp. 2000) (where an ALJ is
directed to conduct a review "in the same manner prescribed in [§ 1-23-380](A)."). Section 1-23-380(A)(6) establishes the
following:
The court may reverse or modify the decision if substantial rights of the appellant have been prejudiced because the
administrative findings, inferences, conclusions or decisions are:
(a) in violation of constitutional or statutory provisions;
(b) in excess of the statutory authority of the agency;
(c) made upon unlawful procedure;
(d) affected by other error of law;
(e) clearly erroneous in view of the reliable, probative and substantial evidence on the whole record; or
(f) arbitrary or capricious or characterized by abuse of discretion or clearly unwarranted exercise of discretion.
In this case, Roebuck argues that the DOC decision is made upon unlawful procedure and is clearly erroneous in view of
the reliable, probative and substantial evidence on the whole record.
III. Analysis
A. Unlawful Procedure
Roebuck argues the hearing was carried out under unlawful procedure since DOC failed to follow its own rules governing
the grievance process. Here, the specific allegation is that DOC failed to have at the hearing the SCDC Form 19-79
"Controlled Substance Testing and Disposition" relevant to Roebuck and failed to provide the S-23 Evidence Card. I
disagree with Roebuck.
The record establishes that the S-23 evidence card was at the hearing and was available to Roebuck since the hearing
officer explained that the card and the testing results from the drug testing officers were present. Further, while the Form
19-79 was apparently not present at the hearing, the lack of the presence of the Form 19-79 is insufficient to warrant a new
trial. Rather, the failure to rigidly follow a procedure does not automatically require a reversal of or even a modification to
the DOC order.
Well established law explains that an agency's failure to follow its own procedural rules and regulations does not violate an
aggrieved party's constitutional due process rights since no such constitutional right exists. See Board of Curators v.
Horowitz, 435 U.S. 78, 92, 98 S.Ct. 948, 956, 55 L.Ed.2d 124, 136 (1978); Hernandez v. Estelle, 788 F.2d 1154 (5th
Cir.1986) ("The claim is that the mere failure of the TDC [Texas Department of Corrections] officials to follow their
regulations was a constitutional violation. There is no such controlling constitutional principle."). Instead of a constitutional
issue, deciding whether an agency is obligated "to follow its own rules and regulations is founded in principles of
administrative law." Ogburn-Matthews v. Loblolly Partners (Ricefields Subdivision), 332 S.C. 551, 505 S.E.2d 598, 603
(Ct.App. 1998), overruled on other grounds by Brown v. South Carolina Dept. of Health and Environmental Control,
___ S.C. ___, 560 S.E.2d 410 (2002).
In a traditional agency setting, the principles of administrative law leave the agency with little, if any, discretion in deciding
whether to follow the regulations governing that agency. See e.g. Triska v. Department of Health and Environmental
Control, 292 S.C. 190, 355 S.E.2d 531 (1987) ("DHEC must also follow its own regulations . . . in carrying out the
legitimate purposes of the agency."). However, in an inmate context, significant discretion is available to DOC.
For example, even when the inmate holds a constitutionally granted procedural due process right, DOC has discretion to
limit that right for rational reasons. See Ponte v. Real, 471 U.S. 491, 497, 105 S.Ct. 2192, 2196, 85 L.Ed.2d 553 (1985)
(due process is met "so long as the reasons [for depriving an inmate of his rights] are logically related to 'institutional safety
or correctional goals'....".). Moreover, given DOC's task of maintaining a orderly prison environment, the exercise of broad
discretion is inherent. Indeed, that degree of discretion is such that a reviewing body is essentially concerned with whether
DOC's actions are rationally grounded as opposed to arbitrarily based. Al-Shabazz, supra. at 381 (among other concerns, a
body charged with reviewing a DOC inmate decision is concerned with whether the "prison officials have acted arbitrarily
[or] capriciously . . . Brown [v. Evatt], 322 S.C. [189] at 194, 470 S.E.2d [848] at 851 [(1996)]; Crowe [v. Leeke], 273
S.C. [763] at 764, 259 S.E.2d [614] at 615 [(1979)].")
Thus, if DOC fails to follow a procedural rule, the "principles of administrative law" will not warrant a reversal of or a
modification to the appealed order if the failure to follow the procedure is based in reason as opposed to capriciousness.
While valid reasons may vary, if a rational basis is present for the failure to follow a DOC policy, no reason exists to
reverse or modify the DOC decision. (1)
Here, DOC's failure to provide the SCDC Form 19-79 at the hearing does not require a new hearing or reversal since the
failure is excused by a rational position. The form SCDC Form 19-79 is simply a means by which the drug testing officers
inform the disciplinary officials of the results of a drug screening for a particular inmate. In the instant case, the hearing
officer had at the hearing an incident report which explained that Roebuck had tested positive. Further, the S-23 evidence
card was present which showed that the tests for Roebuck were positive for marijuana. Thus, the lack of the SCDC Form
19-79 was not a material omission since other documents at the hearing served the same purpose as the missing document.
B. Substantial Evidence
Roebuck argues the DOC decision must be reversed since the decision is not supported by the evidence. I cannot agree.
In examining a DOC determination for the presence of evidentiary support, an ALJ must review the matter in an appellate
capacity. Al-Shabazz v. State, 338 S.C. 354, 527 S.E.2d 742. In that capacity, an ALJ reviewing factual disputes between
DOC and the inmate "will not substitute [the ALJ's] judgment for that of the [DOC Hearing Officer] as to the weight of the
evidence on questions of fact." S.C.Code Ann. § 1-23-380(A)(6) (Supp. 2000).
Thus, once the facts are established by the Hearing Officer, the ALJ will not re-weigh the evidence in an attempt to come to
an independent conclusion on the factual dispute. Rather, the ALJ will rely upon the Hearing Officers factual
determinations unless such those determinations are "clearly erroneous in view of the reliable, probative, and substantial
evidence on the whole record. S.C. Code Ann. § 1-23- 380(A)(6)(e) (Supp. 2000). In determining if substantial evidence
supports the Hearing Officer's factual determinations, the ALJ does not look for "a mere scintilla of evidence nor evidence
viewed blindly from one side, but [rather looks for ] evidence which, when considering the record as a whole, would allow
reasonable minds to reach the conclusion that the agency reached." Palmetto Alliance, Inc. v. South Carolina Pub. Serv.
Comm'n, 282 S.C. 430, 432, 319 S.E.2d 695, 696 (1984). Accordingly, if such evidence is present, substantial evidence is
present and the factual determinations will not be overturned.
Here, substantial evidence supports the factual determinations made below. The results of a drug screening test were
positive. The documentation supporting the screening was before the hearing officer. No persuasive evidence was offered
to show the results were false. These determinations would allow reasonable minds to reach the conclusion that Roebuck
committed the act here in dispute. Thus, substantial evidence supports the DOC decision.
IV. Conclusion
The guilty verdict entered by DOC against Melvin Roebuck, #235910 is AFFIRMED.
AND IT IS SO ORDERED.
____________________________
RAY N. STEVENS
Administrative Law Judge
Dated: April 23, 2002
Columbia, South Carolina
1. Finding broad discretion in DOC is especially applicable since our General Assembly expressed its intent not to rigidly
bind DOC inmate policy decisions. Rather, DOC is exempt from the duty to promulgate regulations dealing with the
supervision of inmates. See S.C. Code Ann. § 1-23-10(4) (Supp. 2000) (where DOC has no duty to issue inmate
supervision "regulations" since such does not include "orders of the supervisory or administrative agency of a penal, . . .
institution, in respect to the institutional supervision, custody, control, care, or treatment of inmates, [or] prisoners, . . . ."). |