ORDERS:
ORDER OF DISMISSAL
GRIEVANCE NO. KER 0001-01
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
This matter comes before the Administrative Law Judge Division (ALJD or Division) pursuant to the decision of the South
Carolina Supreme Court in Al-Shabazz v. State, 338 S.C. 354, 527 S.E.2d 742 (2000). Appellant Richard Jefferson
appeals the refusal of the South Carolina Department of Corrections (DOC or Department) to advance him to MI-3 custody
status. Having reviewed the record, applicable law, and the briefs filed by the parties in this matter, I conclude that the
decision of the Department must be affirmed.
BACKGROUND
On January 7, 2001, Appellant filed a grievance with the Department contending that he had been improperly placed in
Level II Security Detention and requesting that he "be removed from Security Detention back to MI-3 status." ("Action
Requested," Grievance # KER 0001-01, Inmate Grievance Form, Step 1.) The Department denied this grievance and
Appellant brought the instant appeal. On appeal, Appellant again argues that he should be placed in a lower custody
status. (1)
ANALYSIS
In Al-Shabazz, the South Carolina Supreme Court held that inmates may seek review of final decisions of the Department
in certain "non-collateral" or administrative matters (i.e., those matters in which an inmate does not challenge the validity
of a conviction or sentence) by appealing those decisions to the ALJD pursuant to the South Carolina Administrative
Procedures Act (APA). Al-Shabazz, 338 S.C. at 376, 527 S.E.2d at 754. In McNeil v. South Carolina Department of
Corrections, a majority of the judges of the ALJD, sitting en banc, held that this tribunal's jurisdiction to hear inmate
appeals under Al-Shabazz is limited to: (1) cases in which an inmate contends that prison officials have erroneously
calculated his sentence, sentence-related credits, or custody status, and (2) cases in which the Department has taken an
inmate's created liberty interest as punishment in a major disciplinary hearing. McNeil v. S.C. Dep't of Corrections, No.
00-ALJ-04-00336-AP, slip op. at 4-5 (S.C. Admin. Law Judge. Div. Sept. 5, 2001) (en banc). In the case at hand,
Appellant contends that the Department has improperly determined his custody status; accordingly, this tribunal has
jurisdiction over this matter.
When reviewing the Department's decisions in inmate grievance matters, the ALJD sits in an appellate capacity. Al-Shabazz, 338 S.C. at 377, 527 S.E.2d at 754. Consequently, this tribunal's review of inmate appeals is confined to the
record presented, id., and its inquiry into these matters is primarily concerned with ensuring that the Department has
granted aggrieved inmates the process they are due when their constitutional rights are implicated. Id. at 369, 527 S.E.2d at
750; McNeil, No. 00-ALJ-04-00336-AP, at 5 ("[O]ur review is limited solely to the determination of whether the
Department granted 'minimal due process' in reaching [its] decisions . . . ."). Further, recognizing that prison officials are
in the best position to decide inmate disciplinary matters, this tribunal will adhere to the traditional "hands off" approach to
internal prison disciplinary policies and other internal prison affairs when reviewing inmate appeals under the APA. Al-Shabazz, 338 S.C. at 382, 527 S.E.2d at 757; see also Pruitt v. State, 274 S.C. 565, 266 S.E.2d 779 (1980) (stating the
traditional "hands off" approach of South Carolina courts regarding internal prison discipline and policy). However,
notwithstanding this deferential standard of review, this tribunal must conduct meaningful review of the Department's
actions to ensure that inmate grievances are addressed in a fair, reasonable, and efficient manner. Al-Shabazz, 338 S.C. at
383, 527 S.E.2d at 757.
In the present case, Appellant contends that the Department's refusal to place him in MI-3 custody was made in violation of
his due process rights. However, "[t]he requirements of procedural due process apply only to the deprivation of interests
encompassed by the Fourteenth Amendment's protection of liberty and property." Id. at 369, 527 S.E.2d at 750 (quoting
Board of Regents v. Roth, 408 U.S. 564 (1972)). An inmate does not have a protected liberty interest in his custody status
unless such an interest is created: (1) by the Due Process clause of its own force because the challenged custody status is
not "within the sentence imposed upon him" or is "otherwise violative of the Constitution," Hewitt v. Helms, 459 U.S. 460,
468 (1983), see also Slezak v. Evatt, 21 F.3d 590 (4th Cir. 1994); or (2) by state law because the challenged custody status
"imposes atypical and significant hardship on the inmate in relation to the ordinary incidents of prison life." Sandin v.
Conner, 515 U.S. 472, 484 (1995).
Here, Appellant has no protected liberty interest in his custody status. Appellant's placement in a higher custody status
than MI-3 is "well within the terms of confinement ordinarily contemplated by a prison sentence," Hewitt, 459 U.S. at 468,
so as not to implicate a liberty interest under the Due Process clause of its own force. And, this placement "does not
present the type of atypical, significant deprivation in which a State might conceivably create a liberty interest." Sandin,
515 U.S. at 486. Thus, as Appellant has no constitutionally-recognized liberty interest affected by the Department's refusal
to place him in MI-3 custody, he cannot challenge the procedure used by the Department to reach that decision on due
process grounds. See Wolff v. McDonnell, 418 U.S. 539, 556-58 (1974).
Beyond the requirements of due process, the South Carolina Supreme Court has held that an inmate may challenge his
custody status, even if he has no protected liberty interest at stake, if "prison officials have acted arbitrarily, capriciously, or
from personal bias" in determining his custody status. Al-Shabazz, 338 S.C. at 381, 527 S.E.2d at 756 (citing Crowe v.
Leeke, 273 S.C. 763, 259 S.E.2d 614 (1979)). But, while review of these Crowe-based claims is not "improper or
unavailable," id., the level of scrutiny devoted to such claims is limited. Accordingly, where, as here, the record suggests
that the Department's decision to place an inmate in a particular custody status involved the "good faith exercise of the
discretionary power of the prison officials in the maintenance of order, discipline, and security among the prison
population," Crowe, 273 S.C. at 764, 259 S.E.2d at 615, the Department's decision will not be disturbed on appeal.
Appellant has no ground upon which to assert the due process claim found in his grievance. Nor is there any evidence to
suggest that the Department acted arbitrarily or from personal bias in refusing to reduce his custody status to MI-3.
Accordingly, the Department's decision to deny Appellant's grievance is affirmed.
IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that the Department's denial of Appellant's grievance is AFFIRMED.
AND IT IS SO ORDERED.
JOHN D. GEATHERS
Administrative Law Judge
June 21, 2002
Columbia, South Carolina
1. The Department has filed a Motion to Dismiss this appeal, in which it contends that Appellant's claim is moot because
he has been advanced to ME3 custody. (Resp't Br. in Support of Mot. to Dismiss at 4-5.) However, by letter dated
September 20, 2001, Appellant responded to the motion to dismiss by asserting that his grievance had not been satisfied as
he has not been placed in MI-3 custody as requested. As this tribunal has not been informed by either party of the
differences between ME3 custody and MI-3 custody, it must presume that there is some difference between the two, and
therefore, presume that Appellant has not been granted the relief he seeks. Accordingly, the Department's motion to
dismiss is denied. |