ORDERS:
FINAL ORDER AND DECISION
STATEMENT OF CASE
This matter comes before me upon Respondents' request for a hearing after being cited for
violating the Video Game Machines Act, specifically, S.C. Code Ann. § 12-21-2804 (A)(Supp.
1997). The South Carolina Department of Revenue (Department) contends that Respondents
operated machines licensed pursuant to S.C. Code Ann. Section 12-21-2720(A)(3) (Supp. 1997)
(commonly referred to as "Class III" machines and licenses) in violation of Section 12-21-2804(A).
A hearing was held before the Administrative Law Judge Division April 15, 1998.
FINDINGS OF FACT
Having observed the witnesses and exhibits presented at the hearing and closely passed upon
their credibility, taking into consideration the burden of persuasion by the Parties, I make the
following Findings of Fact by a preponderance of evidence:
1. Notice of the time, date, place and subject matter of the Hearing was given to the
Department and the Respondents.
2. On May 29, 1997, SLED Special Agent Rudloff conducted an inspection of thirteen
video gaming establishments located in the "Sand Dollar" at 2000 Highway 17 North, Surfside
Beach, South Carolina. The Respondents' location was a mall-type arrangement with all of the
rooms opening into a commons area. Nine of the thirteen game rooms, or "premises," in the Sand
Dollar were open. Four of the nine open rooms had no employees on their premises.
Agent Rudloff played the video poker machines in each of the four rooms identified as Units
A or 1, C or 3, D or 4, and J or 10 for at least 10 to 15 minutes. At no time while he was playing the
machines in any of these four rooms did an employee appear on the premises of these businesses.
Units A and D contained 5 machines each, and rooms C and D each contained three machines. In
all, Agent Rudloff observed sixteen Class III machines in these four rooms, all of which were "on"
and available for play. After the inspection Agent Rudloff issued a violation report charging the
Respondents with operating the four game rooms in violation of S.C. Code Regs. § 117-190 (Supp.
1996) by not having "at least one separate employee on the premises during business hours."
3. The Respondent does not contest that the rooms were open without employees upon
the premises. Rather, the Respondent explained that the Sand Dollar had recently opened and that
on the day of this inspection some employees left without closing their rooms.
4. The Respondent Mid-South, Inc. was the owner and business license holder for all
of the above four-named business locations. The Class III machine licenses were all issued to Coastal
Coin with the exception of license number 034850, which was in Sand Dollar Unit "C". That license
was issued to the Respondent George D. Vinovich. The Coin Operated Device licenses submitted
into evidence by the Department show George D. Vinovich as the sole named owner/officer in
Respondent Coastal Coin, Inc. Further, business tax applications for Units A, C, D, and J show
George D. Vinovich as the sole named owner/officer in Mid-South, Inc. Mr. Condeluci testified that
he was the manager of the Sand Dollar and was employed by Video Gaming Consultants. However,
the game room attendants were employees of Mid-South. The following Class III video game
machine licenses were located in the respective game rooms:
Location License Number
Sand Dollar Unit "A" 3806554
" 3806555
" 3806581
" 3806582
" 3806583
Sand Dollar Unit "C" 034850
" 3806559
" 3806560
Sand Dollar Unit "D" 034847
" 034848
" 034849
Sand Dollar Unit "J" 3806561
" 3806562
" 3806563
" 3806564
" 3806565
5. The facts in this case establish that there were 16 Class III video game machines
collectively located in the 4 "businesses" operating without employees on their premises at the time
of the Department's inspection. Although there were employees present in five other "businesses"
operating in the Sand Dollar at the time of the inspection, none were "on the premises" of the four
licensed cited video poker rooms.
6. The Department seeks the imposition of a Five Thousand ($5,000.00) /Dollar fine
against each of the three-named Respondents; Mid-South, Inc., Coastal Coin, Inc., and George D.
Vinovich . The Department further seeks revocation of the licenses of sixteen Class III machines
which were located within the four businesses. Finally, the Department seeks that the Court order
the Respondents to discontinue the use or operation of any Class III coin-operated devices at the
above four locations for a period of six (6) months after the entry of an Order revoking the licenses.
7. I find that the Respondent Mid-South, Inc. was in violation for failing to have at least
one separate employee on the premises of any of the above four game rooms during business hours.
I further find that the Respondents Mid-South, Inc., as the business owner, and Coastal Coin and
George Vinovich, as the COD license holders in this case, also permitted Class III licenses to be used
in contravention of Section 12-21-2804(A) and Regulation 117-190. I, therefore, find that the
appropriate penalty in this case is a Two Thousand Five Hundred ($2,500.00) Dollar fine against
Mid-South for each premise, Sand Dollar Units A, C, D, and J, in the violation of Section 12-21-2804(A) and Regulation 117-190, and a Two Thousand Five Hundred ($2,500.00) Dollar fine against
Respondent Vinovich for the above violations.
CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
Based upon the above Findings of Fact, I conclude as a matter of law, the following:
General Conclusions
1. The Administrative Law Judge Division has jurisdiction to hear this matter pursuant
to S.C. Code Ann. § 12-4-30 (D) (Supp. 1996) and S.C. Code Ann. § 1-23-320 (Supp. 1996).
2. The Department contends that the Respondents violated S.C. Code Ann. §
12-21-2804(A)(Supp. 1996). That section provides:
After July 1, 1994, the commission [Department] may not issue nor authorize to be
maintained any licenses or permits for more than five machines authorized under
Section 12-21-2720(A)(3) at a single place or premises.
3. Machines licensed under Section 12-21-2720(A)(3) include video games with a free
play feature operated by a slot in which a coin or thing of value is deposited. S.C. Code Ann. §
12-21-2720 (Supp. 1996).
4. S.C. Code Ann. § 12-21-2804(A) (Supp.1997) mandates that the Department "shall
revoke the licenses in an establishment which fails to meet the requirements of this section." This
Section also mandates that the Department must not issue a license for a machine in an establishment
in which a license has been revoked for a period of six months. The authority to issue a license is
the power to revoke it. Feldman v. South Carolina Tax Commission, et al, 26 S.E.2d 22 (1943).
Single Place or Premises
5. The Department contends that the Respondents violated Regulation 117-190 by
failing to maintain an employee in each business. The Department asserts that if an employee is not
within the four walls of the business at the time of an inspection, the business is not a "single place
or premises" as defined in regulation 117-190. Therefore, the Department insists that the mere
absence of an employee from the business constitutes conclusive proof that the owner violated the
statute. The Department argues that this criterion is necessary to curtail casino type operations in
South Carolina. However, the Department cannot curtail such operations by violating the
Respondents' due process rights or by applying fundamentally flawed reasoning. Furthermore, the
Department's approval of multiple video game businesses under one roof created the very quagmire
they seek to rectify by requiring that an employee remain within the four walls of each game room
at all times.
The Video Game Machines Act ("Act") does not define the term "single place or premises."
However, S.C. Code Regs. 117-190 (Supp. 1996) requires that each business must have a separate
employee on the premises while the business is open. The cardinal rule of statutory interpretation
is to ascertain and effectuate the legislative intent wherever possible. Bankers Trust of South
Carolina v. Bruce, 275 S.C. 35, 267 S.E.2d 424 (1980). "Full effect must be given to each section
of a statute, giving words their plain meaning, and, in the absence of ambiguity, words must not be
added or taken away." Hartford Accident and Indem. Co. v. Lindsay, 273 S.C. 79, 254 S.E.2d 301,
304 (1979). Thus, the phrase "on the premise" presumptively must have meaning. However, in order
to meet constitutional due process standards, a statute and therefore a regulation must give sufficient
notice to enable a reasonable person to comprehend what is prohibited. State v. Crenshaw, 274 S.C.
475, 266 S.E.2d 61, cert. denied, 449 U.S. 883, 101 S. Ct. 236, 66 L. Ed. 2d 108 (1980); Toussaint
v. State Board of Medical Examiners, 303 S.C. 316, 400 S.E.2d 488 (1991) (the constitutional
standard for vagueness is the practical criterion of fair notice to those to whom the law applies).
Furthermore, penal statutes must be strictly construed against the state in favor of the citizen.
Feldman v. S.C. Tax Commission, 203 S.C. 49, 26 S.E.2d 22 (1943). In that regard, Regulation 117-190 does not specifically state that, if an employee is not on the premises at all times, then a violation
is presumed.
The Department's interpretation that an employee must physically remain within the four
walls of each video game room at all times is based upon the presumption that all businesses
maintain employees on the premises at all times; otherwise, the business is closed.(1) Therefore, the
Respondent's business should have been closed, as each game room did not have an employee on
the premises. Pursuant to that conclusion, the Department applies an irrebuttable or conclusive
presumption that once the Department shows that an employee is not on the premises, that business
does not qualify as a single place or premise.
Application of the proposition that the businesses should be closed whenever an employee
leaves the premises creates a bright line standard to follow in future cases. A bright line test certainly
creates both clarity and a straightforward method of dealing with this issue. However, if the bright
line standard is not clearly supported by unassailable facts it becomes a standard of convenience that
is simply not supported by due process. "This court has no legislative powers. In the interpretation
of statutes our sole function is to determine and, within constitutional limits, give effect to the
intention of the legislature. We must do this based upon the words of the statutes themselves. To
do otherwise is to legislate, not interpret. The responsibility for the justice or wisdom of legislation
rests exclusively with the legislature, whether or not we agree with the laws it enacts." Busby v. State
Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 280 S.C. 330, 312 S.E.2d 716 (S.C. App. 1984).
To declare the existence of a presumption of fact, the court must determine that "the result
presumed must be one which a reasonable person would draw from certain facts which have been
proven to him. Its basis is logic [sic], its source is probability, and it rests on the observed
connection between facts." Lawrence v. Southern Ry., 169 S.C. 1, 167 S.E. 839 (1933). I do not find
support in the general knowledge of how businesses are conducted that all businesses, especially
those in a "mall type" setting, close every time an employee steps out of the business. It is
foreseeable that an employee of a business in a mall setting could step out of the business
momentarily to service a customer's needs or for some business or personal reason.
If the Department's evidence shows that no employee was working within the four walls of
the Respondent's businesses, the Department has established a prima facie case or a rebuttable
presumption that the business is not a "single place or premises." The rebuttable presumption is
supported by the general knowledge that businesses do not operate for any extended period of time
without their employees present. Additionally, an employee's role and on-the-job conduct is within
the Respondent's control. Therefore, once the Department establishes a prima facie case, the burden
shifts to the Respondent to produce evidence that the business actually had a separate employee
specifically assigned to that business. See, Stanley Smith & Sons v. D.M.R., Inc., 307 S.C. 413, 415
S.E.2d 428 (Ct. App. 1992). Furthermore, the Respondent must demonstrate that the employee's
absence from the game room was of short duration and reasonable under the circumstances. A
violation of Regs. 117-190 will still occur whenever an employee is absent from the premises for a
prolonged period of time, or the reasons for the absence does not involve a reasonable business or
personal need. Such determinations will depend on the specific factual circumstances, and must be
evaluated on a case-by-case basis.
The Department proved that no employee was working within the four walls of the Sand
Dollar Units A, C, D, and J. Therefore, the Department established a prima facie case that those
businesses were not being operated as a "single place or premises." Once the Department establishes
a prima facie case, the burden shifts to the Respondent to produce evidence that the business actually
had a separate employee specifically assigned to that business. See, Stanley Smith & Sons v.
D.M.R., Inc., 307 S.C. 413, 415 S.E.2d 428 (Ct. App. 1992). Furthermore, the Respondent must
demonstrate that the employee's absence from the game room was of short duration and reasonable
under the circumstances. A violation of Regs. 117-190 will still occur whenever an employee is
absent from the premises for a prolonged period of time, or the reasons for the absence do not
involve a reasonable business or personal need. The Respondents failed to prove that a separate
employee was properly absent from the premises of the above cited game rooms.
Six Month Prohibition
6. The Department contends that no Class III video gaming machines should be allowed
to operate at Units A, C, D, and J for a period of six months from the effective date of the revocation
of the Respondent's licenses. The role of the court in statutory interpretation is limited to seeking
to effectuate the legislature's intent. Laird v. Nationwide Ins. Co., 243 S.C. 388, 395 S.E.2d 206
(1964). In statutory interpretation, courts must read the statute in a manner that harmonizes it with
its subject matter and is in accordance with its general purpose. Multi-Cinema, Ltd. v. South
Carolina Tax Comm'n, 292 S.C. 411, 357 S.E.2d 6 (1987). Plain and unambiguous language in a
statute that conveys a clear and definite meaning should not be altered or redefined by the judiciary.
Paschal v. State Election Comm'n, 317 S.C. 434, 454 S.E.2d 890 (1995). However, if a statute is
ambiguous, courts must ascertain legislative intent through statutory construction. See Abell v. Bell,
229 S.C. 1, 91 S.E.2d 548 (1956). An ambiguity arises when the language of a statute is capable of
being understood by reasonably well-informed persons in either of two or more senses. Southeastern
Fire Ins. Co. v. South Carolina Tax Comm'n, 253 S.C. 407, 171 S.E.2d 355 (1969).
The Video Game Machines Act ("Act") became effective on July 1, 1993. This Act provides
the framework for the licensing and operation of various video game machines and locations in the
State of South Carolina. The Act is directed at the regulation of the ever growing gambling industry
in the State of South Carolina. Justice v. The Pantry, et al., Opinion No. 2787 (S.C. January 26,
1998).
Section 12-21-2804(A) of the Act, provides in relevant part that:
(A) . . . The commission shall revoke the licenses of machines located
in an establishment which fails to meet the requirements of this
section. No license may be issued for a machine in an establishment
in which a license has been revoked for a period of six months from
the date of the revocation . . . (emphasis added).
This language has produced two reasonable, but varying interpretations. One interpretation,
commonly referred to as the "dead location" approach, holds that once a license has been revoked
for a machine within an establishment, no Class III machines may be maintained at that location for
six months from the date of revocation. The alternative interpretation, the "dead machine" approach,
maintains that no license should be reissued on specific machines for six months after a Class III
license has been revoked on those machines.
These differing interpretations result from the legislature's usage of the phrase "a machine"
in the six month penalty provision. As an indefinite article, "a" may refer to a specific object or
thing. See Black's Law Dictionary 1 (6th ed. 1990). However, the article is "often used in the sense
of 'any' and is then applied to more than one individual object." Id. Therefore, interpreting this
statute in a manner that harmonizes it with its subject matter and is in accordance with its general
purpose, the relevant portion of Section 12-21-2804(A) is best read to state that "[n]o license may
be issued for [any] machine in an establishment in which a license has been revoked."
Furthermore, the dead machine approach should not be adopted because doing so would
make Section 12-21-2804(A) internally inconsistent. Courts reject a construction of words used in
a statute when acceptance of a statutory interpretation would lead to a result so absurd that it could
not possibly have been intended by the legislature or would defeat the plain legislative intention.
Kiriakides v. United Artists Communications, Inc., 312 S.C. 271, 440 S.E.2d 364 (1994) (citing
Stackhouse v. Rowland, 86 S.C. 419, 68 S.E. 561 (1910) (courts will reject the plain and ordinary
meaning of words used in a statute when to accept it would lead to a result so absurd that it could
not possibly have been intended by the legislature or would defeat the plain legislative intention)).
The clear language of Section 12-21-2804(A) grants the Department the authority to revoke any
licenses at an establishment found in violation of the requirements of the statute.
The Department, however, does not issue video game machine licenses for specific locations.
Instead, licenses are issued to individuals for machine ownership. Therefore, meaningful punishment
of the licensee for failure to comply with the statute is best effectuated through revocation of the
machine licenses. Under Section 12-21-2804(A), a machine license must be revoked by virtue of
its misuse at a particular establishment, whether the actual violator is the licensee, machine owner,
or lessee. Although machine owners may seek relicensure of the machines, they incur significant
costs in so doing. First of all, the machine owner must pay the fee for licensure in accordance with
S.C. Code Ann. § 12-21-2728(A). Secondly, the owner must find another location for machine
placement and develop a clientele without advertising the machine's existence at the new location.(2)
The statute also curtails violations of the Act by requiring that the place where the violation
occurred cease operations for six months. The Legislature probably envisioned that licenses would
be issued for video poker machines at specific establishments. However, the practical effect of the
dead machine approach as the Department currently licenses video poker activity would be to exact
an additional penalty for violation of the Act upon the machine owner alone, although the owner
may not have been the actual violator. Punishment against the operators of the establishment would
be virtually meaningless. Owners of establishments would be able to buy or lease new machines,
purchase new licenses and resume operations at the same location (benefitting from the same
patrons) almost immediately, having only suffered replacement costs and usage losses for the
affected machines during the revocation period. The operators of the establishments who potentially
may possess greater culpability could escape any punishment pursuant to the dead machine approach.
The legislature surely did not intend such an absurd result.
Additionally, it would be impossible, as a practical matter, for the Department to enforce the
penalty provision of Section 12-21-2804(A) under the "dead machine" approach. The Department
has elected to issue licenses that may be attached to any machine at any location. The "dead
machine" approach would necessitate that the Department track machines that are readily movable
by serial number to make sure that no "dead machine" was being operated at any given location.
Proponents of the dead machine approach argue that the legislature would have provided for
a six month revocation of the "establishment license" if it intended to impose a "location" penalty.
If the Department issued video gaming licenses for specific establishments, application of this
provision would be simple. However, the Department does not issue a specific "establishment
license" other than retail licenses pursuant to Section 12-36-510 (Supp. 1997).(3) Moreover, video
gaming machines are usually placed in establishments that conduct business activities other than
video gaming. Therefore, revocation of a retail license would impose a greater punishment upon an
establishment than intended by the legislature by precluding all retail activities, not just video
gaming. The only practical way to curtail violations of the Act at a given location is to revoke the
licenses of machines in the establishment and refuse to license any machines at that location for a
fixed period of time.
Furthermore, the Department's interpretation of Section 12-21-2804(A) should be given
significant consideration. The construction of a statute by the agency charged within its
administration will be accorded the most respectful consideration and will not be overruled absent
compelling reasons. Captain's Quarters v. S.C. Coastal Council. 306 S.C. 488, 413 S.E.2d 13
(1992). The Department is the agency charged with the administration of the Video Game Machines
Act. The Department has consistently interpreted Section 12-21-2804(A) as imposing a six month
prohibition on the use of any class III machine at an offending location. The Department's
interpretation is reasonable and should be afforded great deference. Because there are no compelling
reasons to deviate from the Department's interpretation, the dead location approach should be
adopted in this case. Therefore, Section 12-21-2804(A) requires that no Class III video gaming
machines should be allowed to operate at a location found in violation of the Section for a period of
six months from the effective date of the revocation of the licenses in the location .
Penalty Discretion
7. It is a generally recognized principle of administrative law that the fact finder has the
authority to impose an administrative penalty after the parties have had an opportunity to have a
hearing and be heard on the issues. See Ohio Real Estate Comm'n v. Aqua Sun Investments, 655
N.E. 2d 266 (Ohio 1995); Shadow Lake of Noel, Inc. v. Supervisor of Liquor Control, 893 S.W. 2d
835 (Mo. App. S.D. 1995); Matter of Henry Youth Hockey Ass'n, 511 N.W. 2d 452 (Minn. App.
1994); Vermont Agency of Natural Resources v. Duranleau, 617 A.2d 143 (Vt. 1992); City of
Louisville v. Milligan, 798 S.W. 2d 454 (Ky. 1990); Com., Dept. of Transp. v. Slipp, 550 A.2d 838
(Pa. 1988); Dept. of Transp. v. Miller, 528 A.2d 1030 (Pa. 1987); State Police v. Cantina Gloria's,
639 A. 2d 14 (Pa. 1994).
Prior to governmental restructuring, a commission, sitting in its adjudicatory capacity,
imposed penalties for violations of statutory provisions administered by the commission's
subordinate agency. In its capacity as the fact-finder, the Tax Commission would conduct an
adjudicatory hearing in all contested cases arising under Title 12 of the South Carolina Code, and
would render an order
containing findings of fact and conclusions of law. As the fact-finder, it was the commission's
prerogative "to impose the appropriate penalty based on the facts presented." Walker v. South
Carolina ABC Comm'n, 305 S.C. 209, 407 S.E.2d 633, 634 (1991). With the advent of restructuring
and the abolition of the Tax Commission, however, the Administrative Law Judge Division was
given the authority to hear "all contested cases, as defined by Section 1-23-310 and as previously
considered by the three [Tax] commissioners. . . ." S.C. Code Ann. Section 12-4-30(D) (Supp.
1996). The Administrative Law Judge, as the current fact-finder, must also impose a penalty based
on the facts presented at the contested case hearing. Parties are entitled to present evidence on all
issues arising out of the contested agency action and the tribunal responsible for conducting the
contested case proceedings has the authority to decide the issues based on the facts presented, and
make the final decisions on all the issues, including the appropriate penalty.
Licensee Penalty
8. S.C. Code Ann. § 12-21-2804(F) (Supp. 1997) provides that a person who violates
Section 12-21-2804(A) may be fined up to Five Thousand ($5,000.00) Dollars. A licensee is subject
to the above fine if he violates Section 12-21-2804(A) (Supp. 1997) by "apply[ing] for . . . permits
or licenses for the operation of more than . . . five machines authorized under Section 12-21-2720(A)(3) at a single place or premises." For a person who applied for a license to be liable for the
fine, the Department must present sufficient evidence to establish that the licensee obtained the
machine license to be used in the operation of more than five machines at a single place or premises.
The licensee does not violate Section 12-21-2804(A) when the license for which he applied is
subsequently used by another for the operation of more than five machines at a single place or
premises.
However, a licensee alternatively could be liable for a fine if he "maintain[s] or permit[s] to
be used" his license in violation of Section 12-21-2804(A). A licensee "maintains" his license in
violation of Section 12-21-2804(A) when he is directly involved in the management or supervision
of a business which operates more than five machines at a single place or premises. A licensee
"permits" his license to be used in violation of Section 12-21-2804(A) when he knowingly consents
to another using his license to operate more than five machines at a single place or premises.
To permit means to "allow, consent, let . . . to acquiesce by failure to prevent, or to expressly
assent or agree to the doing of an act." Black's Law Dictionary 1140 (6th ed. 1990). "Consent is
an act of reason, accompanied with deliberation, the mind weighing as in a balance the good or evil
on each side." Id. At 304. Accordingly, to "permit the use of," clearly requires knowledge.
Therefore, a licensee does not permit the use of his license for the operation of more than five
machines at a single place or premises simply because he holds a license. He must know that the
license is being used in violation of section 12-21-2804(A) and acquiesce to such use by failing to
prevent or correct the offending use.
A party manifests knowledge and consent to allowing a person under twenty-one years of age
to purchase alcohol if, from the appearance of the person or otherwise, the party had sufficient
information that would lead a prudent person to believe the person was under the age of twenty-one,
especially when a simple inquiry would have confirmed such fact. Feldman v. South Carolina Tax
Comm'n, 203 S.C. 49, 26 S.E.2d 22 (1943). Similarly, a video poker licensee manifests knowledge
and consent to allowing his license to be used in violation of section 12-21-2804(A) if, from the
evidence presented by the Department, the licensee had sufficient information that would lead a
prudent person to believe that the license was being used for the operation of more than five
machines at a single place or premises, especially when a simple inquiry would have confirmed such
fact. Therefore, a licensee is subject to a fine under section 12-21-2804(F) for violating section 12-21-2804(A) if he either "applies for" or "maintain[s] or permit[s] to be used" licenses for the
operation of more than five machines at a single place or premises.
The distinction between applying for a license and subsequently maintaining or permitting
that license to be used for the operation of more than five machines at a single place or premises is
a question of fact to be determined on a case by case basis. In this case, the Department presented
sufficient evidence to establish that Respondent Vinovich knowingly permitted the location to be
used to violate the Act.
Mid-South is the owner and operator of the Sand Dollar. The sole owner and officer of Mid-South is George Vinovich. Similarly, Mr. Vinovich is the sole owner and officer of Coastal Coin.
Both corporate entities, while in fact separate legal entities potentially liable for the violations
assessed here, are simply legal entities for Mr. Vinovich. His knowledge of the operations and
management of the locations through Mid-South should thus be imputed both to himself personally
and to Coastal Coin, Inc.
Under basic legal theories of agency, Coastal and Vinovich, as the principal(s), are "affected
with constructive knowledge of all material facts of which its agent receives notice while acting
within the scope of his authority." South Carolina Law Enforcement Division v. The Michael and
Lance, 281 S.C. 339, 351 S.E.2d 171, 173 (1984) (citations omitted). Furthermore,
[N]otice to the officers of one corporation has been held imputable to another
corporation having one or more officers in common where the two corporations are
closely related, or are close corporations, or where the same person directs the
activities of both, or all the officers of both corporations are the same, or both
corporations have a number of officers in common are engaged in a conspiracy to
defraud a third person.
See 19 C.J.S. Corporations § 637 at 287-288 (1990) (emphasis added). See also 19 C.J.S.
Corporations § 633 (1990) ("Where . . . a stockholder or corporator is an officer or agent of the
corporation and in that capacity has knowledge relating to the matter in which he is acting for it, such
knowledge is imputable to the corporation, and notice or knowledge acquired by all the corporators
or stockholders is imputable."). Moreover, either Respondents Coastal, Mid-South or Vinovich have
been previously cited for single place or premises violations of the Act.(4) Accordingly, Respondents
Coastal and Vinovich, at a minimum, had constructive knowledge that their licenses were being used
in violation of the provisions of the Video Game Machines Act, and are therefore liable for the
assessed monetary fines.
ORDER
Based upon the Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, it is hereby:
ORDERED that the licenses listed in Findings of Fact paragraph four are revoked, and a
fine of Two Thousand Five Hundred ($2,500.00) Dollars is imposed upon Mid-South, Inc. for each
of the four game rooms, Sand Dollar Units A, C, D, and J, resulting in a total fine of Ten Thousand
($10,000.00) Dollars. A further fine of Two Thousand Five Hundred ($2,500.00) Dollars is imposed
on George D. Vinovich.
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that no Class III machine shall be operated in any of the
above game rooms (Findings of Fact, paragraph four) for a period of six months from the date of
this Final Decision.
___________________________
Ralph King Anderson, III
Administrative Law Judge
Columbia, South Carolina
September 4, 1998
1. If the Department's reasoning is not based upon the premise that all businesses maintain employees on the
premises at all times, otherwise the business is closed, then their reasoning is flawed. If all businesses do not close
when an employee leaves the premises, their conclusion is based upon the premise that some or most businesses
maintain employees on the premises at all times, otherwise the business is closed. Creation of an irrebuttable
presumption based upon historical facts that sustain the presumption only under some, but not all of the possible
circumstances would be fundamentally unfair.
2. S.C. Code Ann. § 12-21-2804(B) (Supp. 1997) forbids the advertisement of the availability of video gaming
machines.
3. S.C. Code Ann. § 12-21-2784 (Supp. 1997) provides that "[e]ach machine . . . operator, and licensed
establishment must be licensed by [DOR] pursuant to Article 19 of this chapter and this article before a machine . . .
is placed for public use in this State." S.C. Code Ann. § 12-21-2772(4) (Supp. 1997) defines "'licensed establishment'
as "an establishment owned or managed by a person who is licensed pursuant to Article 19 of this chapter for the
location of coin-operated nonpayout video machines with a free play feature. The Department interprets this section as
simply requiring a sales tax license. Therefore, there is no "establishment license" to revoke.
4. South Carolina Department of Revenue and Taxation v. Video Gaming Consultants, Inc., D.D.B., Inc., Mid-South, Inc., Coastal Coin, Inc., and George D. Vinovich Docket No. 95-ALJ-17-0123-CC; South Carolina Department
of Revenue v George D. Vinovich, Video Consultants, Inc., Mid South, Inc., d/b/a Game Room 2, Coastal Coin, Inc.,
Docket No. 97-ALJ-17-0250-CC (Respondents are each fined $5,000.00 for a total of $20,000.00); South Carolina
Department of Revenue and Taxation v. D.D.B., Inc., d/b/a Monte Carlo and Video Gaming Consultants, Inc. and
George D. Vinovitch, Docket No. 95-ALJ-17-0111-CC; and South Carolina Department of Revenue v. George D.
Vinovich; Coastal Coin, Inc; Video Gaming Consultants, Inc.; and Mid-South, Inc.; 347 Broad Street, Sumter, South
Carolina, Docket No. 97-ALJ-17-0060-CC |